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kehatimesangatsuwi

Catalogue / Fauna / Flora 

Cratoxylum formosum

(Jack) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Dyer

 

Hypericaceae
Nama
: Butun (Kendawangan, Sukamara), Gerunggang; Geronggang.
Deskripsi : Pohon, kecil-besar, atau perdu, tinggi berkisar 15−35 m, dbh 20−40 cm; meranggas. Batang berduri saat muda, getah encer merah-kecoklatan atau kekuningan pucat, kulit batang abu-abu sampai merah-kecoklatan atau hitam, berlekah kasar, bersisik; batang muda gundul, biasanya berduri; pepagan kekuningan. Daun tunggal, berhadapan, menerna sampai melontar, kadang berlilin; tangkai daun 5−15 mm; daun tua hijau, daun muda merah muda; bangun daun bervariasi−jorong, membundar telur sungsang, lonjong, atau melanset atau membundar telur; ujung daun meruncing atau melancip pendek sampai membundar; pangkal daun membaji-melebar sampai membundar; tulang daun lateral 8−16 pasang. Perbungaan terbatas, 1−6 kuntum bunga, bagian bawah ketiak daun, tangkai bunga 3−15 mm. Bunga heterodistylous; daun mahkota putih atau jambon sampai merah, atau jarang keunguan. Benang sari memberkas, renggang, kelenjar kepala sari tidak ada, jika ada, keunguan; bakal buah 2−4.5 mm; tangkai putik 2−8 mm. Buah kapsul, menjorong; kehijauan ketika muda, kuning-kecoklatan saat matang atau tua. Biji 7−17 per ruang, melanset sungsang.
Ekologi : Persebaran alami dari wilayah Hainan, Indo-cina, Kepulauan Andaman, Semenanjung Malaysia, Sumatra, Jawa, Kalimantan, Filipina, dan Sulawesi. Pada umumnya tumbuh di hutan primer dan hutan sekunder, hutan dipterokarpa campuran, habitan hutan kerangas, hutan lahan basah (rawa, rawa gambut, mangrove dan hutan pantai), hutan di atas tanah pasiran. Di Kalimantan Timur: hampir di semua dataran rendah dan perbukitan Kalimantan, lahan basah Mesangat dan Suwi.
Kegunaan : Kayu dimanfaatkan untuk bahan bangunan tradisional. Referensi: Wong, 1995.

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Legal Status
Law No. 5 of 1990 Concerning the Conservation of Biological Resources and their Ecosystems
Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. P.106/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/12/2018 Regarding Protected Plant and Animal Species
IUCN Red List Status
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), or in Indonesian, Serikat Internasional Untuk Pelestarian Alam, makes decisions to determine the conservation status of a species or plant. The current categories of the IUCN Red List criteria include extinct (EX), extinct in the wild (EW), critically endangered (CR), endangered (EN), vulnerable (VU), near threatened (NT), least concern (LC), data deficient (DD), and not evaluated (NE).
The CITES List Status
CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species) , aims to restrict countries from trading protected flora and fauna or those with extremely limited numbers. The CITES status consists of appendices (attachments) numbered I-III. Appendix I is a list of flora and fauna that absolutely cannot be traded because they are critically endangered. Appendix II is a list of flora and fauna that can be traded, but their numbers are limited. Meanwhile, Appendix III is a list of flora and fauna that can be traded because they are abundant in one country but limited in another.
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Endemic Status
"Endemic species" can be defined as species that naturally and exclusively inhabit and highly adapt to a specific geographical area. Based on the size and boundaries of their territory, this status includes Endemic (E) and Non-Endemic (NE).
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